Los ecosistemas acuáticos continentales (lagos, lagunas, embalses y ríos) representan sólo el 0,26 por ciento del agua del planeta y ocupan aproximadamente el 3 por ciento de la superficie terrestre; sin embargo, son los ecosistemas más alterados del planeta. Las modificaciones o alteraciones que experimentan (o experimentaron) han sido provocadas por forzantes naturales y antrópicos, e incluyen transformaciones muy diversas que impactan sobre diversos aspectos de su funcionamiento y sobre las distintas facetas que contribuyen a la biodiversidad, provocando en muchos casos la pérdida de hábitats, especies y servicios ecosistémicos. Nuestro grupo de investigación pretende comprender y analizar los cambios ocurridos en distintos niveles de la organización de los ecosistemas acuáticos debido a la intervención antrópica y a forzantes naturales; centrándonos especialmente en aquellos que afectan el funcionamiento y dinámica de los lagos.

Las distintas actividades humanas han producido profundas transformaciones en los ecosistemas acuáticos que involucran, por ejemplo, la irrupción y alteración de los ciclos de los nutrientes tales como fósforo, nitrógeno o carbono, introducción de especies exóticas y contaminantes, alteración del caudal y régimen hídrico, sobreexplotación de recursos, remoción de especies o grupos funcionales claves entre otras. Estas alteraciones generan cambios en la disponibilidad de nutrientes, presas o recursos, en los patrones de depredación/pastoreo, en la estructura de las comunidades y diversidad taxonómica y funcional afectando distintos procesos ecológicos y respuestas funcionales de los sistemas acuáticos.

A su vez, la presión de un forzante sostenida en el tiempo puede provocar cambios de régimen en un ecosistema. Es decir que el funcionamiento, la estructura y dinámica de un ecosistema y sus mecanismos de autorregulación se reconfiguran, pasando de un régimen particular a uno nuevo y distinto. Un ejemplo es la eutrofización de un lago, que involucra el pasaje de un estado oligo/mesotrófico a uno eutrófico. Si bien los cambios de régimen son fenómenos ecosistémicos de tipo abrupto, cuando el forzante opera en forma gradual la paleolimnología se convierte en una excelente herramienta que permite establecer los cambios funcionales ocurridos a lo largo de distintas escalas temporales (decenios, centurias, milenios).

Nuestro grupo de investigación se formó motivado por conocer los cambios en la organización y en las respuestas funcionales de los ecosistemas acuáticos debido al cambio climático y al uso de la tierra. En particular, nos interesa entender los cambios en el funcionamiento de los sistemas acuáticos relacionados con: 1- el procesamiento de nutrientes incluido el carbono, 2- la capacidad de almacenamiento de carbono y las rutas de transferencia de carbono en lagos someros, 3-los forzantes que inducen cambios de régimen en lagos, los tipos de cambio de régimen y la dinámica asociada que tuvieron lugar durante el Antropoceno, 4- los efectos de estos forzantes en la biodiversidad tanto taxonómica como funcional y su impacto en la dinámica de los sistemas lacustres. Conocer estos aspectos del funcionamiento de los humedales permitirá diseñar estrategias de manejo y uso sostenible, conservación y de restauración de los mismos.

En nuestro recorrido como grupo hemos formado y formamos parte de distintas redes institucionales nacionales y redes de investigación internacionales:
REAB- Red de Estudios ambientales de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (https://reab.conicet.gov.ar/).
PAMPA2- Proyecto Argentino de Monitoreo y Prospección de Ambientes Acuáticos.
TeaComposition H2O Initiative (http://www.bluecarbonlab.org/teacomposition-h2o/); https://arcg.is/10qb0T

Además, nuestro grupo de investigación sostiene lazos interinstitucionales dentro y fuera del país, cooperando interdisciplinariamente en distintos proyectos de investigación:

  • Dr. Horacio Zagarese, Laboratorio de Ecología Acuática, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús. Argentina.
  • Dra. María Eugenia Llames, Laboratorio de Ecología Acuática, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús. Argentina.
  • Dr. Francisco E. Córdoba, Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA, CONICET-UNJu), Instituto de Geología y Minería, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Argentina.
  • Dr. Andrea Lami, CNR-Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque (IRSA)-Verbania. Italia.
  • Dra. Simona Musazzi, CNR-Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque (IRSA)-Verbania. Italia.
  • Dr. Simon Belle, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Suecia.

  • Cambios de régimen en lagos: tipos de cambio (lineales, respuesta umbral en la variable de estado, múltiples estados estables), dinámica e indicadores de alarma de cambios de régimen (multimodalidad, anomalía en la varianza, histéresis, autocorrelación, entre otros) y rol de forzantes naturales (climáticos) y antrópicos en la ocurrencia de cambios de régimen.
  • Efecto del cambio global en el funcionamiento y dinámica de los sistemas lacustres.
  • Paleolimnología: identificación de los principales cambios ocurridos en las respuestas funcionales de los lagos (ruta del carbono, régimen de herbivoría y planctivoría, diversidad funcional y taxonómica) durante el Antropoceno y forzantes asociados.
  • Rol del Carbono (C) en ecosistemas lacustres: transferencia del C en las tramas tróficas de lagos, interacción entre las tramas litoral y pelágica, fuentes subsidiarias de C en ecosistemas lacustres someros y rol del C como nutriente limitante del fitoplancton en sistemas eutróficos/híper eutróficos.
  • Rol de los humedales como almacenadores de Carbono: capacidad de almacenamiento de distinto tipos de humedales e identificación de las características que determinan dicha capacidad.

 

 

Directora    
Dra. González Sagrario MarÍa De Los Ángeles
CV-SIGEVA
 Investigadora CONICET Independiente

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González Sagrario, M. de los Á., Vrede, T., & Belle, S. (2024). Late Holocene cooling drove drastic decreases in cladoceran diversity in a subarctic lake. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 30490. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81690-7
Ferreira, V., Bini, L. M., González Sagrario, M. de los Á., Kovalenko, K. E., Naselli-Flores, L., Padial, A. A., & Padisák, J. (2023). Aquatic ecosystem services: an overview of the Special Issue. Hydrobiologia, 850(12), 2473–2483. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-023-05235-1
Belle, S., Klaus, F., González Sagrario, M. de los Á., Vrede, T., & Goedkoop, W. (2022). Unravelling chironomid biodiversity response to climate change in subarctic lakes across temporal and spatial scales. Hydrobiologia, 849(11), 2621–2633. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-022-04890-0
Zagarese, H. E., Diovisalvi, N. R., González Sagrario, M. de los Á., Izaguirre, I., Fermani, P., Unrein, F., Castro Berman, M., & Pérez, G. L. (2022). Increases in Picocyanobacteria Abundance in Agriculturally Eutrophic Pampean Lakes Inferred from Historical Records of Secchi Depth and Chlorophyll-a. Water, 14(2), 159. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14020159
Meerhoff, M., & González Sagrario, M. de los Á. (2022). Habitat complexity in shallow lakes and ponds: importance, threats, and potential for restoration. Hydrobiologia, 849, 3737–3760. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04771-y
Carrozzo, D., Musazzi, S., Lami, A., Córdoba, F. E., & González Sagrario, M. de los Á. (2020). Changes in Planktivory and Herbivory Regimes in a Shallow South American Lake (Lake Blanca Chica, Argentina) Over the Last 250 Years. Water, 12(2), 597. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12020597
González Sagrario, M. de los Á., Golpe, D. R., Sala, L. L., Sánchez Vuichard, G., Minotti, P., & Panarello, H. O. (2018). Lake size, macrophytes, and omnivory contribute to food web linkage in temperate shallow eutrophic lakes. Hydrobiologia, 818(1), 87–103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3594-z
Stutz, S. M., Tonello, M. S., González Sagrario, M. de los Á., Navarro, D., & Fontana, S. L. (2014). Historia ambiental de los lagos someros de la llanura Pampeana (Argentina) desde el Holoceno medio: Inferencias paleoclimáticas. Latin American Journal of Sedimentology and Basin Analysis, 21(2), 119–138. http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1851-49792014000200004
Walters, A. W., González Sagrario, M. de los Á., & Schindler, D. E. (2013). Species-and community-level responses combine to drive phenology of lake phytoplankton. Ecology, 94(10), 2188–2194. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/13-0445.1/full
González Sagrario, M. de los Á., Rodríguez Golpe, D., La Sala, L., & Seco Pon, J. P. (2013). Technical Contribution Length-weight relationships for nine fish species from shallow lakes of the Pampa plain, Argentina. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 29, 679–680.
González Sagrario, M. de los Á., & Ferrero, L. (2013). The trophic role of Cyphocharax voga (Hensel 1869) according to foraging area and diet analysis in turbid shallow lakes. Fundamental and Applied Limnology, 183(1), 75–88. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/schweiz/fal/2013/00000183/00000001/art00007
Kosten, S., Vernooij, M., Van Nes, E. H., González Sagrario, M. de los Á., Clevers, J. G., & Scheffer, M. (2012). Bimodal transparency as an indicator for alternative states in South American lakes. Freshwater Biology, 57(6), 1191–1201. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2012.02785.x/full
Becarios    
Carrozzo David
CV-SIGEVA
 Becarie Doctoral – CONICET

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Carrozzo, D., Musazzi, S., Lami, A., Córdoba, F. E., & González Sagrario, M. de los Á. (2020). Changes in Planktivory and Herbivory Regimes in a Shallow South American Lake (Lake Blanca Chica, Argentina) Over the Last 250 Years. Water, 12(2), 597. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12020597